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Late Effects

Dental

 

Chemotherapy Related Damage

 

Adverse effects of chemotherapy on the developing dentofacial structures are limited to:

  • Direct effects on the developing dentition
  • Indirect effects on the oral environment1 

Animal studies have shown that the following drugs are associated with dental defects5

  • Vincristine
  • Cyclophosphamide
  • Adriamycin
  • Methotrexate
  • Daunorubicin

 

Cyclophosphamide:

  • Increasing cumulative exposure to alkylating agents and cyclophosphamide therapy is associated with an increased risk of reporting at least one dental abnormality3
  • More prevalent in patients receiving treatment before the age of five3 
  • Alkylating agents and cyclophosphamide are toxic to dentinogenesis by binding to DNA in the S phase of mitosis, ultimately resulting in early apoptosis10
  • The dental effect of cyclophosphamide-induced cell death predominates in primitive mesenchymal cells and preodontoblasts of the pulp9

 

If chemotherapy is combined with RT, a much lower RT dose is needed to have the same destructive effects1

 

 

 

 

 

 

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